Resultado de imagen para como usar if only, which"I wish" y "If only" para hablar de deseos y arrepentimientos


Ya vimos en un artículo anterior sobre las oraciones condicionales en inglés, el uso de "if" que equivale a "si" en castellano.
En este artículo vamos a ver como utilizamos "if" dentro de otra construcción "if only" que traduciríamos en español como "ojalá", "si solo" o "qué mas quisiera".
Tanto "if only" como "I wish" las empleamos en inglés para expresar deseos y arrepentimiento o lamentarnos sobre algo que ha ocurrido en el pasado o que puede que ocurra en el futuro.
Tanto "I wish" como "if only" se utilizan dentro de la estructura de las oraciones condicionales que vimos en el articulo que he mencionado al principio. Sin embargo, me parece oportuno refrescarte la memoria sobre los tres tipos de oraciones condicionales y sus estructuras brevemente.
  • Tipo 1: If + presente simple / will
- If you practice exercise regularly, you will sleep better.
- Si practicas deporte regularmente, dormirás mejor.
  • Tipo 2: If + pasado simple / would + infinitivo
- If you visited your auntie more often, she would love you more.
- Si visitaras a tu tía más a menudo, te querría más.
  • Tipo 3: If + pasado perfecto / would + have + participio
- If you hadn't tried to make out with her fiancé, she would have invited you to her weeding.
- Si no hubieras intentado ligar con su novio, te habría invitado a la boda.

"I wish" y "If only" + estructura de las oraciones condicionales

Como he dicho antes, "I wish" and "if only" siguen la estructura de una de estos tipos de oraciones condicionales dependiendo de lo que queremos expresar.
  • Si nos lamentamos o mostramos arrepentimiento sobre un suceso presente o futuro, entonces usamos la estructura de las condicionales de tipo 2, y las expresiones "if only" y "I wish" van seguidas de el pasado simple.
- I wish I had a car to be able to accept that job.
- If only I had a car to be able to accept that job.
- Ójala tuviera un coche para poder aceptar ese puesto de trabajo.
No tengo un coche, por lo que me lamento ya que no puedo aceptar ese puesto de trabajo.
  • Si de lo que hablamos es de un suceso que ocurrió (o no llegó a ocurrir) en el pasado y que, por lo tanto, es imposible de modificar, recurrimos entonces a las oraciones condicionales del tipo 3. Y en esta estructura, las expresiones "if only" y "I wish" van seguidas del pasado perfecto.
- I wish I had left the house earlier.
- If only I had left the house earlier.
- Ojalá hubiera salido antes de casa.
Lo que queremos decir con estos ejemplos es que nos lamentamos, por ejemplo, hemos perdido el autobus porque hemos salido tarde de casa y ya no tiene solución.
  • Por último, tenemos que hablar del uso de "I wish" y "if only" para hablar de algo en el presente y que nos gustaría cambiar. Suele ser generalmente algo que nos molesta. En estos casos, la expresión "wish" va seguida del verbo modal "would". Sin embargo, no olvides que solo podemos usar "wish" + "would" para hablar de cosas que no podemos cambiar.
- I wish I wouldn't like chocolate cake so much.
- Ojalá no me gustara tanto la tarta de chocolate

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