¿Para qué las utilizamos?

Resultado de imagen para clausulas relativas en ingles who y whichUsamos las cláusulas relativas para dar información sobre algo sin necesidad de iniciar una nueva oración. Al combinar diferentes oraciones mediante una cláusula relativa, evitamos la repetición de palabras y se logra agilidad en los textos,

Como Crear Relative Clauses

Para crear RELATIVE CLAUSES se utilizan.

Relative Pronoun

relative pronoun
uso
ejemplo
who
subject o object pronoun
 ( solamente se usa para personas)
I am going to visit the man who lives next door.
Voy a visitar al hombre que vive al lado de mi casa.
which
subject or object pronoun ( se usa para animales y cosas)
Do you see the cat which is over that sofa?
¿ Ves el gato que está sobre el sofa?
which
Se utiliza para referirse a una oración completa
He couldn’t talk clearly which surprised me.
Él casi no pudo hablar claramente, eso me sorprende
Subject Pronoun or Object Pronoun
No se los puede distinguir por su forma: who, which, that pero pueden usarse como Subject Pronoun o Object Pronoun.
Se hacen las siguientes distinciones:
Si el pronombre relativo es seguido por un verbo, el pronombre relativo es un subject pronoun: Siempre se utilizarán estos pronombres delante de un verbo :
The cat which is over the sofa.
Si el pronombre relativo no es seguido por un verbo sino por otro nombre o pronombre, el pronombre relativo es un object pronoun, Los object pronouns pueden quitarse cuando utilizamos defining relative clauses, entonces se llama a esas cláusulas Contact Clauses
The cake which Kate laid on the table
O
The cake Kate laid on the table
La torta que Kate puso sobre la mesa

Relative Adverbs 

Pueden utilizarse en lugar de un relative pronoun más una preposición. Esto hace que la oración se más fácil de comprender:
This is the school in which I teach English.
→ This is the school where I teach English.

Non-Defining Relative Clauses 

Non-defining relative clauses ( también llamadas non-identifying relative clauses o non-restrictive relative clauses) dan información adicional sobre algo pero no lo defienen. Las Non-defining relative clauses se ponen entre comas.
The teacher is in a room with only one pupil. Do you know the pupil, who is talking to him?
El maestro está en una habitación con un solo alumno. Conoces el alumno que está hablando con él?
Nota; En las non-defining relative clauses, who/which no pueden ser reemplazados con that.
Los Object pronouns deben ser usados en  non-defining relative clauses.
Jane, who/whom you met yesterday, is very nice girl.
Janes, la chica que encontraste ayer, es muy simpática

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