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Reported speech: indirect speech

Indirect speech focuses more on the content of what someone said rather than their exact words. In indirect speech, the structure of the reported clause depends on whether the speaker is reporting a statement, a question or a command.

direct
indirect
reported clause
statement
‘I’m tired,’ I said.
I told them (that) I was tired.
that-clause
question
‘Are you ready?’ the nurse asked Joel.
‘Who are you?’ she asked.
The nurse asked Joel if/whether he was ready.
She asked me who I was.
if-clause/whether-clause
wh-clause
command
‘Leave at once!’ they ordered.
They ordered us to leave at once.
to-infinitive clause

Indirect speech: reporting statements

Indirect reports of statements consist of a reporting clause and a that-clause. We often omit that, especially in informal situations:
The pilot commented that the weather had been extremely bad as the plane came in to land. (The pilot’s words were: ‘The weather was extremely bad as the plane came in to land.’)
I told my wife I didn’t want a party on my 50th birthday. (that-clause without that) (or I told my wife that I didn’t want a party on my 50th birthday.)

Indirect speech: reporting questions

Reporting yes-no questions and alternative questions

Indirect reports of yes-no questions and questions with or consist of a reporting clause and a reported clause introduced by if or whether. If is more common than whether. The reported clause is in statement form (subject + verb), not question form:
She asked if [S] [V]I was Scottish. (original yes-no question: ‘Are you Scottish?’)
The waiter asked whether [S]we [V]wanted a table near the window. (original yes-no question: ‘Do you want a table near the window?)
He asked me if [S] [V]I had come by train or by bus. (original alternative question: ‘Did you come by train or by bus?’)
See also:

Reporting wh-questions

Indirect reports of wh-questions consist of a reporting clause, and a reported clause beginning with a wh-word (who, what, when, where, why, how). We don’t use a question mark:
He asked me what I wanted.
Not: He asked me what I wanted?
The reported clause is in statement form (subject + verb), not question form:
She wanted to know who [S]we [V]had invited to the party.
Not: … who had we invited …

Who, whom and what

In indirect questions with who, whom and what, the wh-word may be the subject or the object of the reported clause:
I asked them who came to meet them at the airport. (who is the subject of came; original question: ‘Who came to meet you at the airport?’)
He wondered what the repairs would cost. (what is the object of cost; original question: ‘What will the repairs cost?’)
The reported clause is in statement form (subject + verb), not question form:
She asked us what [S]we [V]were doing. (original question: ‘What are you doing?’)
Not: She asked us what were we doing?
ejercicios en linea 

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